European Exploration to the Americas
Thirteen Colonies
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New England Colonies : Massachusetts, Rhode Island, & Connecticut
Middle Colonies : New York & Pennsylvania
Southern Colonies : Maryland, Virginia, & Georgia Jamestown In Virginia, Jamestown was the first "permanent English Colony" in 1607. This settlement took place 13 years before Pilgrims decided to stay in Plymouth. Pilgrims Pilgrims were a group of people that wished for religious freedom and left the Church of England by setting sail on the Mayflower. They settled in Plymouth, where the winters were extremely cold. The harsh weather killed off more than half of those left from their journey on the Mayflower. The Mayflower and Mayflower Compact The Mayflower is the ship that sailed the ocean in 1620 and carried 100+ people in tight quarters. Passengers of this ship are known as Pilgrims who were hoping to find a new life. The Great Awakening The Great Awakening is a time that took place in 1730-1770 that promoted religious activity. Mayflower compact New Jersey Plan Virginia Plan Articles of Confederation: After the American Revolution, the citizens of the newly formed nation needed to create their first government. The Articles of Confederation served as the main foundation of their government and made peace with foreign countries. At first, there was fear of the new nation growing similar to Britain. The people decided on a voting system and that each state had one vote; no matter how large and populated it is. Under the Articles of Confederation, the government was granted power to establish an army/navy, etc. However, they were also denied the power to raise funds, etc. Strengths:
Weaknesses:
1951: 22nd Amendment added to Constitution 1841: William Henry Harrison became 1st President to die while in office
Judicial Branch:
Article II : Executive Branch Article III : Judicial Branch No judicial branch under Articles of Confederation
Launching the Republic The Election of 1800
Election of 1796
Thomas Jefferson
Marbury vs. Madison
Henry Knox
John Adams
The XYZ Affair
Alien and Sedition Acts
George Washington
Washington's First Inaugural Address
Whiskey Rebellion
Battle of Fallen Timber
Washington Proclaims Neutrality
Washington's Farewell Address
First Political Party
Alexander Hamilton
Louisiana Purchase
Embargo Act
War of 1812
Lewis and Clark
Battle of Tippecanoe
Adams Onis Treaty
Art, Literature, Religion, and Music
James Madison
John Quincy Adams 4th of July Address
John Jay
James Monroe
Monroe Doctrine
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How a Bill Becomes a Law
Bill of Rights :
9. The 9th Amendment
10. The 10th Amendment states that any power not granted to the federal government belongs to the states or to the people.
- The 1st Amendment guarantees freedom of religion, speech, the press, assembly, and petition.
- This means that we all have the right to:
- practice any religion we want to
- to speak freely
- to assemble (meet)
- to address the government (petition)
- to publish newspapers, TV. radio, Internet (press)
- This means we have the right to:
- This means that we cannot be forced to house or quarter soldiers.
- This means that the police must have a warrant to enter our homes. It also means the government cannot take our property, papers, or u, without a valid warrant based on probable cause (good reason).
- You may to be tried twice for the same crime (double jeopardy)
- You don't have to testify against yourself in court. (Self-incrimination)
- an impartial jury (doesn't already think you are guilty)
- that the accused can confront witnesses against them
- the accused must be allowed to have a lawyer
- A civil trial differes fro a criminal trial. A civil trial is whens someone sues someone else. A criminal trial is when the state tries to convict someone of a crime.
9. The 9th Amendment
- All rights not stated in the Constitution and not forbidden by the Constitution belong to the people.
- This means that the states can do what they want if the Constitution does not forbid
10. The 10th Amendment states that any power not granted to the federal government belongs to the states or to the people.
Manifest Destiny
The Manifest Destiny was the belief that the U.S. should expand it's territory from coast to coast. In this painting, I think the angel seen is the "human form" of the religious idea of expansion that many U.S. citizens believe in. The angel is leading the people, and that shows how it is the belief that is leading/ driving forward into what they think is the right path to take. A small group of Native Americans are seen with tired and hopeless expressions; this illustrates how the Indians were forced out of their land. On the other hand, the group of white men appear to be determined and happy. In addition, the side the white men are coming from has multiple buildings and structures being built. This shows how the U.S. is starting to take over the land the Native Americans called home. The gloomy clouds also emphasize their unfortunate fate. The running horses seen hauling the carriages of supplies represents how the U.S. is not hesitating to rush and remove the tribes. |
Civil War States
Battle of Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter is an island in South Carolina and it is most famous for being the place of the first shots of the Civil War. The Battle started in 1861 after president Lincoln decided to restock the fort, and the Confederates attacked. The Union Army surrendered the fort and the Confederates took over; defending the fort from numerous Union attacks.
Check out the link below for more information on the Battle of Fort Sumter |
First Battle of Bull Run
The First Battle of Bull Run was the first big battle of the war. It took place in Manassas Junction, Virginia and the Confederate Army had another victory. Northerners were surprised at the tough fight while the Southerners were fueled with confidence.
Check out the link below for more information on the First Battle of Bull Run |
Battle of Shiloh
The Battle of Shiloh was when the Confederate Army surprise attacked the Union Army in Tennessee. The Confederates had to pull back, giving the Union a victory. This Battle left both sides shocked due to the amount of lives taken.
Check out the link below for more information on the Battle of Shiloh |
Battle of Antietam
In The Battle of Antietam had the most casualties in American History. Robert E. Lee and George McClellan's armies met in Maryland. McClellan's was unwilling to attack the Confederate Army with the full force of his larger army, but he was able to monitor the Confederate's advances to the North.
Check out the link below for more information on the Battle if Antietam |
Monitor vs. Merrimack
Monitor vs. Merrimack was a naval battle in Virginia. It was between the Union's Monitor and the Confederate's Merrimack. The Confederates had a large ship, but the Monitor was capable of moving faster. Supporters viewed from afar to witness the battle. Once the Monitor was hit, they went back to shore. Thus, resulting in a win for the Confederates.
Check out the link below for more information on Monitor vs. Merrimack |
Capture of New Orleans
The Capture of New Orleans took place in 1862. The Confederates were expecting a Union attack down towards Mississippi. Therefore, they put most of their defenses in that area. However, the Union was prepared to capture New Orleans from the Gulf of Mexico. This took the Confederates by surprise, and worked in the favor of the Union.
Check out the link below for more information on the Capture of New Orleans |
Battle of Antietam
Due to Gen. McClellan's hesitation, the North was attacked by Lee's forces. The North was able to hold off the South in the bloodiest single day battle of the war. The hesitation by McClellan caused Lincoln to replace him. Also, convinced Lincoln to write/issue the Emancipation Proclamation. This resulted in a Union victory.
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Battle of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville
At Fredericks, Gen. Burnside mistakenly thought he could charge up a hill and overtake the Confederates. The Union suffered from heavy losses and Burnside resign as General. At Chancellorsville, the Confederates scored another victory but at a high cost (pyrrhic). Gen. Stonewall Jackson was shot and died eight days later.
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Siege at Vicksburg
Over 9 months, Grant led a siege on Vicksburg, finally gaining victory on July 4, 1863. The North now gained control of the Mississippi River, thus splitting the Confederacy in two. Following this victory, Pres. Lincoln named Grant commander of the U.S. Army.
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Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln understood that taking a stand against slavery would make Britain and France less likely to aid the South. The E.P. freed all slaves within any state in rebellion. This allowed African Americans to join the military and led to the 13th Amendment.
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Battle of Gettysburg
Northern and Southern forces met by accident at Gettysburg. The first two days saw the South push the North back to Cemetery Ridge. On the third day, Lee sent gen. Pickett over the ridge where they were easy targets for the North. The South had to retreat. The failed charge was known as "Pickett's Charge".
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Sherman's March to the Sea
Union General William T. Sherman marched with 60,000 soldiers from Atlanta to Savannah, GA. The purpose was to scare civilians into ending support towards the Confederates. While they did not destroy towns, they stole livestock and food and burned houses/barns of those who fought back.
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Surrender at Appomattox
Robert E. Lee surrendered his 28,000 troops; ending the Civil War. A few days before the surrender, however, Lee was planning to continue the fight, but was forced to surrender after being cut off in his final retreat.
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Lincoln's Assassination
Five days after Lee's surrender, John Wilkes Booth shot President Lincoln in the back of the head. He did this because he thought it would help the South. Booth ran from the theater, but was later found and killed.
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